\livelink{chap:DWFORMrefaddr}{DW\-\_FORM\-\_ref\-\_addr}& offset in .debug\_info \\
\livetarg{chap:DWFORMsecoffset}{DW\-\_FORM\-\_sec\-\_offset}& offset in a section other than .debug\_info or .debug\_str \\
\livelink{chap:DWFORMstrp}{DW\-\_FORM\-\_strp}&offset in .debug\_str \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref&offset in .debug\_info \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref}&offset in .debug\_info \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\hline
\endlastfoot
-DW\-\_OP\-\_addr&0x03&1 & constant address \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPaddr}{DW\-\_OP\-\_addr}&0x03&1 & constant address \\
& & &(size target specific) \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_deref&0x06&0 & \\
-
-
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const1u&0x08&1&1\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const1s&0x09&1&1\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const2u&0x0a&1&2\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const2s&0x0b&1&2\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const4u&0x0c&1&4\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const4s&0x0d&1&4\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const8u&0x0e&1&8\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_const8s&0x0f&1&8\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_constu&0x10&1&ULEB128 constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_consts&0x11&1&SLEB128 constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_dup&0x12&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_drop&0x13&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_over&0x14&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_pick&0x15&1&1\dash byte stack index \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_swap&0x16&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_rot&0x17&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef&0x18&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_abs&0x19&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_and&0x1a&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_div&0x1b&0 & \\
-
-
-
-DW\-\_OP\-\_minus&0x1c&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_mod&0x1d&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_mul&0x1e&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_neg&0x1f&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_not&0x20&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_or&0x21&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_plus&0x22&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_plus\-\_uconst&0x23&1&ULEB128 addend \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_shl&0x24&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_shr&0x25&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_shra&0x26&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_xor&0x27&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_skip&0x2f&1&signed 2\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_bra&0x28&1 & signed 2\dash byte constant \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_eq&0x29&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_ge&0x2a&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_gt&0x2b&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_le&0x2c&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_lt&0x2d&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_ne&0x2e&0 & \\ \hline
-
-
-
-DW\-\_OP\-\_lit0&0x30 & 0 & \\
-
-DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1&0x31 & 0& literals 0 .. 31 = \\
-\ldots & & & (DW\-\_OP\-\_lit0 + literal) \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_lit31&0x4f & 0 & \\ \hline
-
-DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0 & 0x50 & 0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_reg1 & 0x51 & 0® 0 .. 31 = \\
-\ldots & & & (DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0 + regnum) \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_reg31 & 0x6f & 0 & \\ \hline
-
-DW\-\_OP\-\_breg0 & 0x70 &1 & SLEB128 offset \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_breg1 & 0x71 & 1 &base register 0 .. 31 = \\
-... & & &(DW\-\_OP\-\_breg0 + regnum) \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_breg31 & 0x8f & 1 & \\ \hline
-
-DW\-\_OP\-\_regx & 0x90 &1&ULEB128 register \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg & 0x91&1&SLEB128 offset \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx & 0x92&2 &ULEB128 register followed \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref}&0x06&0 & \\
+
+
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst1u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const1u}&0x08&1&1\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst1s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const1s}&0x09&1&1\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst2u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const2u}&0x0a&1&2\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst2s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const2s}&0x0b&1&2\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst4u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const4u}&0x0c&1&4\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst4s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const4s}&0x0d&1&4\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst8u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const8u}&0x0e&1&8\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconst8s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const8s}&0x0f&1&8\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconstu}{DW\-\_OP\-\_constu}&0x10&1&ULEB128 constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPconsts}{DW\-\_OP\-\_consts}&0x11&1&SLEB128 constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPdup}{DW\-\_OP\-\_dup}&0x12&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPdrop}{DW\-\_OP\-\_drop}&0x13&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPover}{DW\-\_OP\-\_over}&0x14&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPpick}{DW\-\_OP\-\_pick}&0x15&1&1\dash byte stack index \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPswap}{DW\-\_OP\-\_swap}&0x16&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOProt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_rot}&0x17&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPxderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef}&0x18&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPabs}{DW\-\_OP\-\_abs}&0x19&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPand}{DW\-\_OP\-\_and}&0x1a&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPdiv}{DW\-\_OP\-\_div}&0x1b&0 & \\
+
+
+
+\livelink{chap:DWOPminus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_minus}&0x1c&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPmod}{DW\-\_OP\-\_mod}&0x1d&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPmul}{DW\-\_OP\-\_mul}&0x1e&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPneg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_neg}&0x1f&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPnot}{DW\-\_OP\-\_not}&0x20&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPor}{DW\-\_OP\-\_or}&0x21&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}&0x22&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPplusuconst}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus\-\_uconst}&0x23&1&ULEB128 addend \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPshl}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shl}&0x24&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPshr}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shr}&0x25&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPshra}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shra}&0x26&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPxor}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xor}&0x27&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPskip}{DW\-\_OP\-\_skip}&0x2f&1&signed 2\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbra}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bra}&0x28&1 & signed 2\dash byte constant \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPeq}{DW\-\_OP\-\_eq}&0x29&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPge}{DW\-\_OP\-\_ge}&0x2a&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPgt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_gt}&0x2b&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPle}{DW\-\_OP\-\_le}&0x2c&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPlt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lt}&0x2d&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPne}{DW\-\_OP\-\_ne}&0x2e&0 & \\ \hline
+
+
+
+\livelink{chap:DWOPlit0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit0}&0x30 & 0 & \\
+
+\livelink{chap:DWOPlit1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1}&0x31 & 0& literals 0 .. 31 = \\
+\ldots & & & (\livelink{chap:DWOPlit0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit0} + literal) \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPlit31}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit31}&0x4f & 0 & \\ \hline
+
+\livelink{chap:DWOPreg0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0} & 0x50 & 0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPreg1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg1} & 0x51 & 0® 0 .. 31 = \\
+\ldots & & & (\livelink{chap:DWOPreg0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0} + regnum) \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPreg31}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg31} & 0x6f & 0 & \\ \hline
+
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbreg0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg0} & 0x70 &1 & SLEB128 offset \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbreg1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg1} & 0x71 & 1 &base register 0 .. 31 = \\
+... & & &(\livelink{chap:DWOPbreg0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg0} + regnum) \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbreg31}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg31} & 0x8f & 1 & \\ \hline
+
+\livelink{chap:DWOPregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_regx} & 0x90 &1&ULEB128 register \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPfbreg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg} & 0x91&1&SLEB128 offset \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx} & 0x92&2 &ULEB128 register followed \\
& & & by SLEB128 offset \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_piece & 0x93 &1& ULEB128 size of piece addressed \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_deref\-\_size & 0x94 &1& 1-byte size of data retrieved \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef\-\_size & 0x95&1&1-byte size of data retrieved \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_nop & 0x96 &0& \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} & 0x93 &1& ULEB128 size of piece addressed \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref\-\_size} & 0x94 &1& 1-byte size of data retrieved \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPxderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef\-\_size} & 0x95&1&1-byte size of data retrieved \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPnop}{DW\-\_OP\-\_nop} & 0x96 &0& \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address&0x97&0 & \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call2&0x98&1& 2\dash byte offset of DIE \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call4&0x99&1& 4\dash byte offset of DIE \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref&0x9a&1& 4\dash\ or 8\dash byte\\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}&0x97&0 & \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcall2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call2}&0x98&1& 2\dash byte offset of DIE \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcall4}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call4}&0x99&1& 4\dash byte offset of DIE \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref}&0x9a&1& 4\dash\ or 8\dash byte\\
&&& offset of DIE \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address&0x9b &0& \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_frame\-\_cfa &0x9c &0& \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece&0x9d &2&ULEB128 size followed by \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPformtlsaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address}&0x9b &0& \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcallframecfa}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_frame\-\_cfa} &0x9c &0& \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbitpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece}&0x9d &2&ULEB128 size followed by \\
&&&ULEB128 offset\\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_implicit\-\_value&0x9e &2&ULEB128 size followed by \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPimplicitvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_implicit\-\_value}&0x9e &2&ULEB128 size followed by \\
&&&block of that size\\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value\-\_cfa &0x9f &0& \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_lo\-\_user\-\_cfa &0xe0 && \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_hi\-\_user\-\_cfa &0xff && \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPstackvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value} &0x9f &0& \\
+\livetarg{chap:DWOPlouser}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lo\-\_user} &0xe0 && \\
+\livetarg{chap:DWOPhiuser}{DW\-\_OP\-\_hi\-\_user} &0xff && \\
\end{longtable}
\end{centering}
\hline
\endlastfoot
-DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_public&0x01 \\
-DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_protected&0x02 \\
-DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_private&0x03 \\
+\livelink{chap:DWACCESSpublic}{DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_public}&0x01 \\
+\livelink{chap:DWACCESSprotected}{DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_protected}&0x02 \\
+\livelink{chap:DWACCESSprivate}{DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_private}&0x03 \\
\end{longtable}
\end{centering}
\item \textit{The entry has an attribute whose value is a location
expression, and the location expression contains a reference to
-another debugging information entry (e.g., a DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref
+another debugging information entry (e.g., a \livelink{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref}
operator), as it is unlikely that the entry will remain
identical across compilation units.}
! No name, default (Fortran) ordering, default stride
\livelink{chap:DWATtype}{DW\-\_AT\-\_type}(reference to REAL)
\livelink{chap:DWATassociated}{DW\-\_AT\-\_associated}(expression= ! Test 'ptr\_assoc' flag
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n == offset(ptr\_assoc)
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1 ! mask for 'ptr\_assoc' flag
- DW\-\_OP\-\_and)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n == offset(ptr\_assoc)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1} ! mask for 'ptr\_assoc' flag
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPand}{DW\-\_OP\-\_and})
\livelink{chap:DWATdatalocation}{DW\-\_AT\-\_data\-\_location}(expression= ! Get raw data address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n == offset(base)
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref) ! Type of index of array 'ap'
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n == offset(base)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref}) ! Type of index of array 'ap'
2\$: \livelink{chap:DWTAGsubrangetype}{DW\-\_TAG\-\_subrange\-\_type}
! No name, default stride
\livelink{chap:DWATtype}{DW\-\_AT\-\_type}(reference to INTEGER)
\livelink{chap:DWATlowerbound}{DW\-\_AT\-\_lower\-\_bound}(expression=
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n ==
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n ==
! offset(desc, dims) +
! offset(dims\_str, lower\_bound)
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref})
\livelink{chap:DWATupperbound}{DW\-\_AT\-\_upper\-\_bound}(expression=
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n ==
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n ==
! offset(desc, dims) +
! offset(dims\_str, upper\_bound)
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref})
! Note: for the m'th dimension, the second operator becomes
- ! DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<x> where
+ ! \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<x> where
! x == offset(desc, dims) +
! (m-1)*sizeof(dims\_str) +
! offset(dims\_str, [lower|upper]\_bound)
\livelink{chap:DWATtype}{DW\-\_AT\-\_type}(reference to 3\$)
\livelink{chap:DWATallocated}{DW\-\_AT\-\_allocated}(expression=
! Test 'ptr\_alloc' flag
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n == offset(ptr\_alloc)
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit2
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n == offset(ptr\_alloc)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref}
+ \livetarg{chap:DWOPlit2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit2}
! mask for 'ptr\_alloc' flag
- DW\-\_OP\-\_and)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPand}{DW\-\_OP\-\_and})
\livelink{chap:DWATdatalocation}{DW\-\_AT\-\_data\-\_location}(expression= ! Get raw data address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n = offset(base)
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n = offset(base)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref})
7\$: \livelink{chap:DWTAGsubrangetype}{DW\-\_TAG\-\_subrange\-\_type}
! No name, default stride
\livelink{chap:DWATtype}{DW\-\_AT\-\_type}(reference to INTEGER)
\livelink{chap:DWATlowerbound}{DW\-\_AT\-\_lower\-\_bound}(expression=
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n == ...
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n == ...
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref})
\livelink{chap:DWATupperbound}{DW\-\_AT\-\_upper\-\_bound}(expression=
- DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n == ...
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus
- DW\-\_OP\-\_deref)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n == ...
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref})
8\$: \livelink{chap:DWTAGvariable}{DW\-\_TAG\-\_variable}
\livelink{chap:DWATname}{DW\-\_AT\-\_name}("arrays")
For b), for each dimension of the array (only one
in this case), go interpret the usual lower bound
attribute. Again this is an expression, which again begins
-with DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address. This object is
+with \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}. This object is
\textbf{still} arrays,
from step 1, because we have not begun to actually perform
any indexing yet.
that because the DWARF type 1\$ has a \livelink{chap:DWATdatalocation}{DW\-\_AT\-\_data\-\_location},
the address that results from step 4) is that of a
descriptor, and that address is the address pushed by the
-DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address operations in 1\$ and 2\$.
+\livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address} operations in 1\$ and 2\$.
Note: we happen to be accessing a pointer array here instead
of an allocatable array; but because there is a common
\livelink{chap:DWATname}{DW\-\_AT\-\_name}("VEC2")
\livelink{chap:DWATtype}{DW\-\_AT\-\_type}(reference to array “subtype” at 28\$)
\livelink{chap:DWATdatamemberlocation}{DW\-\_AT\-\_data\-\_member\-\_location}(machine=
- DW\-\_OP\-\_lit<n> ! where n == offset(REC2, VEC2)
- DW\-\_OP\-\_plus)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}<n> ! where n == offset(REC2, VEC2)
+ \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus})
. . .
41\$: \livelink{chap:DWTAGvariable}{DW\-\_TAG\-\_variable}
\livelink{chap:DWATname}{DW\-\_AT\-\_name}("OBJ2B")
are pushed on the stack.
\begin{enumerate}[1]
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_lit0, DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1, \dots, DW\-\_OP\-\_lit31 \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_litn operations encode the unsigned literal values
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPlit0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit0}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPlit1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1}, \dots, \livetarg{chap:DWOPlit31}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit31} \\
+The \livetarg{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit}n operations encode the unsigned literal values
from 0 through 31, inclusive.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_addr \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_addr operation has a single operand that encodes
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPaddr}{DW\-\_OP\-\_addr} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPaddr}{DW\-\_OP\-\_addr} operation has a single operand that encodes
a machine address and whose size is the size of an address
on the target machine.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_const1u, DW\-\_OP\-\_const2u, DW\-\_OP\-\_const4u, DW\-\_OP\-\_const8u \\
-The single operand of a DW\-\_OP\-\_constnu operation provides a 1,
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst1u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const1u}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst2u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const2u}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst4u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const4u}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst8u}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const8u} \\
+The single operand of a \livetarg{chap:DWOPconstnu}{DW\-\_OP\-\_constnu} operation provides a 1,
2, 4, or 8\dash byte unsigned integer constant, respectively.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_const1s , DW\-\_OP\-\_const2s, DW\-\_OP\-\_const4s, DW\-\_OP\-\_const8s \\
-The single operand of a DW\-\_OP\-\_constns operation provides a 1,
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst1s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const1s} , \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst2s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const2s}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst4s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const4s}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPconst8s}{DW\-\_OP\-\_const8s} \\
+The single operand of a \livetarg{chap:DWOPconstns}{DW\-\_OP\-\_constns} operation provides a 1,
2, 4, or 8\dash byte signed integer constant, respectively.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_constu \\
-The single operand of the DW\-\_OP\-\_constu operation provides
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPconstu}{DW\-\_OP\-\_constu} \\
+The single operand of the \livelink{chap:DWOPconstu}{DW\-\_OP\-\_constu} operation provides
an unsigned LEB128 integer constant.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_consts \\
-The single operand of the DW\-\_OP\-\_consts operation provides
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPconsts}{DW\-\_OP\-\_consts} \\
+The single operand of the \livelink{chap:DWOPconsts}{DW\-\_OP\-\_consts} operation provides
a signed LEB128 integer constant.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{enumerate}[1]
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg operation provides a signed LEB128 offset
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPfbreg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPfbreg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg} operation provides a signed LEB128 offset
from the address specified by the location description in the
\livelink{chap:DWATframebase}{DW\-\_AT\-\_frame\-\_base} attribute of the current function. (This
is typically a “stack pointer” register plus or minus
location list that adjusts the offset according to changes
in the stack pointer as the PC changes.)
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_breg0, DW\-\_OP\-\_breg1, \dots, DW\-\_OP\-\_breg31\\
-The single operand of the DW\-\_OP\-\_bregn operations provides
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg0}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg1}, \dots, \livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg31}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg31} \\
+The single operand of the \livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg}n
+operations provides
a signed LEB128 offset from
the specified register.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx operation has two operands: a register
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPbregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPbregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx} operation has two operands: a register
which is specified by an unsigned LEB128 number, followed by
a signed LEB128 offset.
\begin{enumerate}[1]
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPdup}{DW\-\_OP\-\_dup} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_dup operation duplicates the value at the top of the stack.
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPdup}{DW\-\_OP\-\_dup} operation duplicates the value at the top of the stack.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPdrop}{DW\-\_OP\-\_drop} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_drop operation pops the value at the top of the stack.
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPdrop}{DW\-\_OP\-\_drop} operation pops the value at the top of the stack.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPpick}{DW\-\_OP\-\_pick} \\
-The single operand of the DW\-\_OP\-\_pick operation provides a
+The single operand of the \livelink{chap:DWOPpick}{DW\-\_OP\-\_pick} operation provides a
1\dash byte index. A copy of the stack entry with the specified
index (0 through 255, inclusive) is pushed onto the stack.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPover}{DW\-\_OP\-\_over} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_over operation duplicates the entry currently second
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPover}{DW\-\_OP\-\_over} operation duplicates the entry currently second
in the stack at the top of the stack.
This is equivalent to
-a DW\-\_OP\-\_pick operation, with index 1.
+a \livelink{chap:DWOPpick}{DW\-\_OP\-\_pick} operation, with index 1.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPswap}{DW\-\_OP\-\_swap} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_swap operation swaps the top two stack entries.
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPswap}{DW\-\_OP\-\_swap} operation swaps the top two stack entries.
The entry at the top of the
stack becomes the second stack entry,
and the second entry becomes the top of the stack.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOProt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_rot} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_rot operation rotates the first three stack
+The \livelink{chap:DWOProt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_rot} operation rotates the first three stack
entries. The entry at the top of the stack becomes the third
stack entry, the second entry becomes the top of the stack,
and the third entry becomes the second entry.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_deref operation pops the top stack entry and
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref} operation pops the top stack entry and
treats it as an address. The value
retrieved from that address is pushed.
The size of the data retrieved from the dereferenced
address is the size of an address on the target machine.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref\-\_size} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_deref\-\_size operation behaves like the DW\-\_OP\-\_deref
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref\-\_size} operation behaves like the \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref}
operation: it pops the top stack entry and treats it as an
address. The value retrieved from that address is pushed. In
-the DW\-\_OP\-\_deref\-\_size operation, however, the size in bytes
+the \livelink{chap:DWOPderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref\-\_size} operation, however, the size in bytes
of the data retrieved from the dereferenced address is
specified by the single operand. This operand is a 1\dash byte
unsigned integral constant whose value may not be larger
target machine before being pushed onto the expression stack.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPxderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef operation provides an extended dereference
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPxderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef} operation provides an extended dereference
mechanism. The entry at the top of the stack is treated as an
address. The second stack entry is treated as an “address
space identifier” for those architectures that support
size of an address on the target machine.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPxderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef\-\_size}\\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef\-\_size operation behaves like the
-DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef operation.The entry at the top of the stack is
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPxderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef\-\_size} operation behaves like the
+\livelink{chap:DWOPxderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef} operation.The entry at the top of the stack is
treated as an address. The second stack entry is treated as
an “address space identifier” for those architectures
that support multiple address spaces. The top two stack
elements are popped, and a data item is retrieved through an
implementation\dash defined address calculation and pushed as the
-new stack top. In the DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef\-\_size operation, however,
+new stack top. In the \livelink{chap:DWOPxderefsize}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xderef\-\_size} operation, however,
the size in bytes of the data retrieved from the dereferenced
address is specified by the single operand. This operand is a
1\dash byte unsigned integral constant whose value may not be larger
target machine before being pushed onto the expression stack.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address}\\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address operation pushes the address
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPpushobjectaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_push\-\_object\-\_address} operation pushes the address
of the object currently being evaluated as part of evaluation
of a user presented expression. This object may correspond
to an independent variable described by its own debugging
Appendix \refersec{app:aggregateexamples}.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPformtlsaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address operation pops a value from the
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPformtlsaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address} operation pops a value from the
stack, translates it into an address in the current thread's
thread\dash local storage block, and pushes the address. If the
-DWARF expression containing the DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address
+DWARF expression containing the \livelink{chap:DWOPformtlsaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address}
operation belongs to the main executable's DWARF info, the
operation uses the main executable's thread\dash local storage
block; if the expression belongs to a shared library's
the appropriate block can be complex (in some cases, the
compiler emits a function call to do it), and difficult
to describe using ordinary DWARF location descriptions.
-DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address leaves the computation to the
+\livelink{chap:DWOPformtlsaddress}{DW\-\_OP\-\_form\-\_tls\-\_address} leaves the computation to the
consumer.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPcallframecfa}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_frame\-\_cfa} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_frame\-\_cfa operation pushes the value of the
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPcallframecfa}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_frame\-\_cfa} operation pushes the value of the
CFA, obtained from the Call Frame Information
(see Section \refersec{chap:callframeinformation}).
Although the value of \livelink{chap:DWATframebase}{DW\-\_AT\-\_frame\-\_base}
\begin{enumerate}[1]
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPabs}{DW\-\_OP\-\_abs} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_abs operation pops the top stack entry, interprets
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPabs}{DW\-\_OP\-\_abs} operation pops the top stack entry, interprets
it as a signed value and pushes its absolute value. If the
absolute value cannot be represented, the result is undefined.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPand}{DW\-\_OP\-\_and} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_and operation pops the top two stack values, performs
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPand}{DW\-\_OP\-\_and} operation pops the top two stack values, performs
a bitwise and operation on the two, and pushes the result.
-\item \label{chap:DWOPdiv}{DW\-\_OP\-\_div} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_div operation pops the top two stack values, divides the former second entry by
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPdiv}{DW\-\_OP\-\_div} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPdiv}{DW\-\_OP\-\_div} operation pops the top two stack values, divides the former second entry by
the former top of the stack using signed division, and pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPminus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_minus} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_minus operation pops the top two stack values, subtracts the former top of the
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPminus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_minus} operation pops the top two stack values, subtracts the former top of the
stack from the former second entry, and pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPmod}{DW\-\_OP\-\_mod}\\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_mod operation pops the top two stack values and pushes the result of the
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPmod}{DW\-\_OP\-\_mod} operation pops the top two stack values and pushes the result of the
calculation: former second stack entry modulo the former top of the stack.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPmul}{DW\-\_OP\-\_mul} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_mul operation pops the top two stack entries, multiplies them together, and
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPmul}{DW\-\_OP\-\_mul} operation pops the top two stack entries, multiplies them together, and
pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPneg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_neg} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_neg operation pops the top stack entry, interprets
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPneg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_neg} operation pops the top stack entry, interprets
it as a signed value and pushes its negation. If the negation
cannot be represented, the result is undefined.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPnot}{DW\-\_OP\-\_not} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_not operation pops the top stack entry, and pushes
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPnot}{DW\-\_OP\-\_not} operation pops the top stack entry, and pushes
its bitwise complement.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPor}{DW\-\_OP\-\_or} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_or operation pops the top two stack entries, performs
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPor}{DW\-\_OP\-\_or} operation pops the top two stack entries, performs
a bitwise or operation on the two, and pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_plus operation pops the top two stack entries,
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus} operation pops the top two stack entries,
adds them together, and pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPplusuconst}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus\-\_uconst} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_plus\-\_uconst operation pops the top stack entry,
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPplusuconst}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus\-\_uconst} operation pops the top stack entry,
adds it to the unsigned LEB128 constant operand and pushes
the result. This operation is supplied specifically to be
able to encode more field offsets in two bytes than can be
-done with “DW\-\_OP\-\_litn DW\-\_OP\-\_plus”.
+done with “\livelink{chap:DWOPlit}{DW\-\_OP\-\_litn}n \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus}”.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPshl}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shl} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_shl operation pops the top two stack entries,
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPshl}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shl} operation pops the top two stack entries,
shifts the former second entry left (filling with zero bits)
by the number of bits specified by the former top of the stack,
and pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPshr}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shr} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_shr operation pops the top two stack entries,
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPshr}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shr} operation pops the top two stack entries,
shifts the former second entry right logically (filling with
zero bits) by the number of bits specified by the former top
of the stack, and pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPshra}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shra} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_shra operation pops the top two stack entries,
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPshra}{DW\-\_OP\-\_shra} operation pops the top two stack entries,
shifts the former second entry right arithmetically (divide
the magnitude by 2, keep the same sign for the result) by
the number of bits specified by the former top of the stack,
and pushes the result.
\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPxor}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xor} \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_xor operation pops the top two stack entries,
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPxor}{DW\-\_OP\-\_xor} operation pops the top two stack entries,
performs a bitwise exclusive\dash or operation on the two, and
pushes the result.
\label{chap:controlflowoperations}
The following operations provide simple control of the flow of a DWARF expression.
\begin{enumerate}[1]
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_le, DW\-\_OP\-\_ge, DW\-\_OP\-\_eq, DW\-\_OP\-\_lt, DW\-\_OP\-\_gt, DW\-\_OP\-\_ne \\
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPle}{DW\-\_OP\-\_le}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPge}{DW\-\_OP\-\_ge}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPeq}{DW\-\_OP\-\_eq}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPlt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lt}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPgt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_gt}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPne}{DW\-\_OP\-\_ne} \\
The six relational operators each:
\begin{itemize}
\item pop the top two stack values,
\end{itemize}
Comparisons are performed as signed operations. The six
-operators are DW\-\_OP\-\_le (less than or equal to), DW\-\_OP\-\_ge
-(greater than or equal to), DW\-\_OP\-\_eq (equal to), DW\-\_OP\-\_lt (less
-than), DW\-\_OP\-\_gt (greater than) and DW\-\_OP\-\_ne (not equal to).
+operators are \livelink{chap:DWOPle}{DW\-\_OP\-\_le} (less than or equal to), \livelink{chap:DWOPge}{DW\-\_OP\-\_ge}
+(greater than or equal to), \livelink{chap:DWOPeq}{DW\-\_OP\-\_eq} (equal to), \livelink{chap:DWOPlt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lt} (less
+than), \livelink{chap:DWOPgt}{DW\-\_OP\-\_gt} (greater than) and \livelink{chap:DWOPne}{DW\-\_OP\-\_ne} (not equal to).
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_skip \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_skip is an unconditional branch. Its single operand
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPskip}{DW\-\_OP\-\_skip} \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPskip}{DW\-\_OP\-\_skip} is an unconditional branch. Its single operand
is a 2\dash byte signed integer constant. The 2\dash byte constant is
the number of bytes of the DWARF expression to skip forward
or backward from the current operation, beginning after the
2\dash byte constant.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_bra \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_bra is a conditional branch. Its single operand is a
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPbra}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bra} \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbra}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bra} is a conditional branch. Its single operand is a
2\dash byte signed integer constant. This operation pops the
top of stack. If the value popped is not the constant 0,
the 2\dash byte constant operand is the number of bytes of the
% The following item does not correctly hyphenate leading
% to an overfull hbox and a visible artifact.
% So we use \- to suggest hyphenation in this rare situation.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_call2, DW\-\_OP\-\_call4, DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call2, DW\-\_OP\-\_call4, and DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref perform
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPcall2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call2}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPcall4}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call4}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref} \\
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcall2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call2}, \livelink{chap:DWOPcall4}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call4}, and \livelink{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref} perform
subroutine calls during evaluation of a DWARF expression or
location description.
-For DW\-\_OP\-\_call2 and
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call4,
+For \livelink{chap:DWOPcall2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call2} and
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcall4}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call4},
the
operand is the 2\dash~ or 4\dash byte
unsigned offset, respectively,
of a debugging information entry in the current compilation
-unit. The DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref operator has a single operand. In the
+unit. The \livelink{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref} operator has a single operand. In the
32\dash bit DWARF format, the operand is a 4\dash byte unsigned value;
in the 64\dash bit DWARF format, it is an 8\dash byte unsigned value
(see Section \refersec{datarep:32bitand64bitdwarfformats}).
must be performed by the consumer.
\textit{Operand interpretation of
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call2, DW\-\_OP\-\_call4 and DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref is exactly like
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcall2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call2}, \livelink{chap:DWOPcall4}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call4} and \livelink{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref} is exactly like
that for \livelink{chap:DWFORMref2}{DW\-\_FORM\-\_ref2}, \livelink{chap:DWFORMref4}{DW\-\_FORM\-\_ref4} and \livelink{chap:DWFORMrefaddr}{DW\-\_FORM\-\_ref\-\_addr},
respectively
(see Section \refersec{datarep:attributeencodings}).
\subsubsection{Special Operations}
There is one special operation currently defined:
\begin{enumerate}[1]
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_nop \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_nop operation is a place holder. It has no effect
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPnop}{DW\-\_OP\-\_nop} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPnop}{DW\-\_OP\-\_nop} operation is a place holder. It has no effect
on the location stack or any of its values.
\end{enumerate}
by the ABI authoring committee for each architecture.
}
\begin{enumerate}[1]
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0, DW\-\_OP\-\_reg1, ..., DW\-\_OP\-\_reg31 \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_regn operations encode the names of up to 32
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPreg0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0}, \livetarg{chap:DWOPreg1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg1}, ..., \livetarg{chap:DWOPreg31}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg31} \\
+The \livetarg{chap:DWOPreg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg}n operations encode the names of up to 32
registers, numbered from 0 through 31, inclusive. The object
addressed is in register n.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_regx \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_regx operation has a single unsigned LEB128 literal
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_regx} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_regx} operation has a single unsigned LEB128 literal
operand that encodes the name of a register.
\end{enumerate}
\textit{These operations name a register location. To
fetch the contents of a register, it is necessary to use
one of the register based addressing operations, such as
-DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx}
(Section \refersec{chap:registerbasedaddressing})}.
or is computed from other locations and values in the program.
\begin{enumerate}[1]
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_implicit\-\_value \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_implicit\-\_value operation specifies an immediate value
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPimplicitvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_implicit\-\_value} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPimplicitvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_implicit\-\_value} operation specifies an immediate value
using two operands: an unsigned LEB128 length, followed by
a block representing the value in the memory representation
of the target machine. The length operand gives the length
in bytes of the block.
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value operation specifies that the object
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPstackvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPstackvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value} operation specifies that the object
does not exist in memory but its value is nonetheless known
and is at the top of the DWARF expression stack. In this form
of location description, the DWARF expression represents the
actual value of the object, rather than its location. The
-DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value operation terminates the expression.
+\livelink{chap:DWOPstackvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value} operation terminates the expression.
\end{enumerate}
of the resultant value is contained.
\begin{enumerate}[1]
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_piece \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_piece operation takes a single operand, which is an
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} operation takes a single operand, which is an
unsigned LEB128 number. The number describes the size in bytes
of the piece of the object referenced by the preceding simple
location description. If the piece is located in a register,
\textit{Many compilers store a single variable in sets of registers,
or store a variable partially in memory and partially in
-registers. DW\-\_OP\-\_piece provides a way of describing how large
+registers. \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} provides a way of describing how large
a part of a variable a particular DWARF location description
refers to. }
-\item DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece \\
-The DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece operation takes two operands. The first
+\item \livetarg{chap:DWOPbitpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece} \\
+The \livelink{chap:DWOPbitpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece} operation takes two operands. The first
is an unsigned LEB128 number that gives the size in bits
of the piece. The second is an unsigned LEB128 number that
gives the offset in bits from the location defined by the
Interpretation of the
offset depends on the kind of location description. If the
location description is empty, the offset doesn’t matter and
-the DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece operation describes a piece consisting
+the \livelink{chap:DWOPbitpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece} operation describes a piece consisting
of the given number of bits whose values are undefined. If
the location is a register, the offset is from the least
significant bit end of the register. If the location is a
-memory address, the DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece operation describes a
+memory address, the \livelink{chap:DWOPbitpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece} operation describes a
sequence of bits relative to the location whose address is
on the top of the DWARF stack using the bit numbering and
direction conventions that are appropriate to the current
language on the target system. If the location is any implicit
-value or stack value, the DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece operation describes
+value or stack value, the \livelink{chap:DWOPbitpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece} operation describes
a sequence of bits using the least significant bits of that
value.
\end{enumerate}
-\textit{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece is used instead of DW\-\_OP\-\_piece when
+\textit{\livelink{chap:DWOPbitpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bit\-\_piece} is used instead of \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} when
the piece to be assembled into a value or assigned to is not
byte-sized or is not at the start of a register or addressable
unit of memory.}
Here are some examples of how DWARF operations are used to form location descriptions:
-DW\-\_OP\-\_reg3
+\livetarg{chap:DWOPreg3}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg3}
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
The value is in register 3.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_regx 54
+\livelink{chap:DWOPregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_regx} 54
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
The value is in register 54.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_addr 0x80d0045c
+\livelink{chap:DWOPaddr}{DW\-\_OP\-\_addr} 0x80d0045c
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
The value of a static variable is at machine address 0x80d0045c.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_breg11 44
+\livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg11}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg11} 44
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
Add 44 to the value in register 11 to get the address of an automatic
variable instance.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg -50
+\livelink{chap:DWOPfbreg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg} -50
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
-Given a \livelink{chap:DWATframebase}{DW\-\_AT\-\_frame\-\_base} value of ``DW\-\_OP\-\_breg31 64,''this example
+Given a \livelink{chap:DWATframebase}{DW\-\_AT\-\_frame\-\_base} value of ``\livelink{chap:DWOPbreg31}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg31} 64,''this example
computes the address of a local variable that is -50 bytes from a
logical frame pointer that is computed by adding 64 to the current
stack pointer (register 31).
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx 54 32 DW\-\_OP\-\_deref
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbregx}{DW\-\_OP\-\_bregx} 54 32 \livelink{chap:DWOPderef}{DW\-\_OP\-\_deref}
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
A call-by-reference parameter whose address is in the word 32 bytes
from where register 54 points.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_plus\-\_uconst 4
+\livelink{chap:DWOPplusuconst}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus\-\_uconst} 4
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
A structure member is four bytes from the start of the structure
instance. The base address is assumed to be already on the stack.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_reg3 DW\-\_OP\-\_piece 4 DW\-\_OP\-\_reg10 DW\-\_OP\-\_piece 2
+\livelink{chap:DWOPreg3}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg3} \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} 4 \livetarg{chap:DWOPreg10}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg10} \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} 2
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
A variable whose first four bytes reside in register 3 and whose next
two bytes reside in register 10.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0 DW\-\_OP\-\_piece 4 DW\-\_OP\-\_piece 4 DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg -12 DW\-\_OP\-\_piece 4
+\livelink{chap:DWOPreg0}{DW\-\_OP\-\_reg0} \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} 4 \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} 4 \livelink{chap:DWOPfbreg}{DW\-\_OP\-\_fbreg} -12 \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} 4
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
A twelve byte value whose first four bytes reside in register zero,
whose middle four bytes are unavailable (perhaps due to optimization),
base.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_breg1 0 DW\-\_OP\-\_breg2 0 DW\-\_OP\-\_plus DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value
+\livelink{chap:DWOPbreg1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg1} 0 \livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg2} 0 \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus} \livelink{chap:DWOPstackvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value}
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
Add the contents of r1 and r2 to compute a value. This value is the
“contents” of an otherwise anonymous location.
\end{myindentpara}
-DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1 DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value DW\-\_OP\-\_piece a \\
-DW\-\_OP\-\_breg3 0 DW\-\_OP\-\_breg4 0 DW\-\_OP\-\_plus DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value DW\-\_OP\-\_piece 4
+\livelink{chap:DWOPlit1}{DW\-\_OP\-\_lit1} \livelink{chap:DWOPstackvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value} \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} a \\
+\livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg3}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg3} 0 \livetarg{chap:DWOPbreg4}{DW\-\_OP\-\_breg4} 0 \livelink{chap:DWOPplus}{DW\-\_OP\-\_plus} \livelink{chap:DWOPstackvalue}{DW\-\_OP\-\_stack\-\_value} \livelink{chap:DWOPpiece}{DW\-\_OP\-\_piece} 4
\begin{myindentpara}{1cm}
The object value is found in an anonymous (virtual) location whose
value consists of two parts, given in memory address order: the 4 byte
\begin{figure}[here]
\begin{description}
\centering
-\item [DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_public]
-\item [DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_private]
-\item [DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_protected]
+\item [\livetarg{chap:DWACCESSpublic}{DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_public}]
+\item [\livetarg{chap:DWACCESSprivate}{DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_private}]
+\item [\livetarg{chap:DWACCESSprotected}{DW\-\_ACCESS\-\_protected}]
\end{description}
\caption{Accessibility codes}
\label{fig:accessibilitycodes}
together with a \livelink{chap:DWATlocation}{DW\-\_AT\-\_location} attribute.
A DWARF procedure
-is called by a DW\-\_OP\-\_call2,
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call4 or
-DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref
+is called by a \livelink{chap:DWOPcall2}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call2},
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcall4}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call4} or
+\livelink{chap:DWOPcallref}{DW\-\_OP\-\_call\-\_ref}
DWARF expression operator
(see Section \refersec{chap:controlflowoperations}).
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